POWER AND THRONES | FURTHER READING

The list below is not comprehensive, but it’s a good start. I specifically chose those titles because each one references not only the subject of an empire or leading group but also examines the effects these powers had on economics, society, politics, and religion

The decision to leave out links for each book suggestion is intentional. The goal is for you to visit your local library or explore second-hand bookstores to find the listed titles.


Copy of original attributed to Lysippos. Marble head of Herakles, 1st or 2nd century CE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Romans 

SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome by Mary Beard

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon

The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History by Peter Heather

How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower by Adrian Goldsworthy


Eugene Delacroix. Detail of Attila from the romanticist painting Attila and his Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, 1838-1847. Palais Bourbon, Paris (France)

Barbarians

The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe by Hyun Jin Kim

The End of Empire: Attila the Hun & the Fall of Rome by Christopher Kelly

History of the Goths by Herwig Wolfram 

The Goths by Peter Heather

Visigothic Spain 409 - 711 by Roger Collins


Culture: Byzantine. Archangel Gabriel, early 20th century (original dated 9th century). The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Byzantines

Byzantium: A History by John Haldon

Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire by Judith Herrin

The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium by Anthony Kaldellis

The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire by Edward N. Luttwak

Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 AD to the First Crusade by Anthony Kaldellis

Women in Purple: Rulers of Medieval Byzantium by Judith Herrin


Attributed to Eastern Iran or present-day Afghanistan. Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript, ca. 1180. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Arabs

A History of the Arab Peoples by Albert Hourani

Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes and Empires by Tim Mackintosh-Smith

The Rise and Fall of the Arab Empire and the Founding of Western Pre-eminence by Rodney Collomb

The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain By Maria Rosa Menocal


Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. The Entrance of Charlemagne into Pavia, 1840. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Franks

The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours

The Franks by Edward James

The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751-987 by Rosamond McKitterick

Charlemagne: Father of a Continent by Alessandro Barbero

King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne by Janet L. Nelson


Circle of Hugo van der Goes (Netherlandish, early 1480s). A Benedictine Monk. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Monks

Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages by C.H. Lawrence

Monks and Their Decline by George Zurcher 

The Rise and Fall of the Medieval Monastery by Christopher Brooke


Pierre du Coudroy. Closed Burgonet, about 1610. The Art Institute of Chicago

Knights

The Rise and Fall of the Mounted Knight by Clive Hart

The Knight in History by Frances Gies

The History of Chivalry: Knighthood and Its Times by Charles Mills


Culture: German. Battle of Crusaders and Saracens, late 16th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Crusaders

Crusaders: The Epic History of the Wars for the Holy Lands by Dan Jones

The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land by Thomas Asbridge

The Crusades Through Arab Eyes by Amin Maalouf

The Song of Roland By Anonymous


Culture: China. Figure of Mongol. Yuan dynasty, 14th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Mongols

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World by Jack Weatherford

The Mongols by David O. Morgan

The Rise and Fall of the Mongol Empire in 9 Chapters by Dr. Timothy May

The Secret History of the Mongols by (Anonymous)


Raphael. Portrait of Lorenzo di Medici, Duke of Urbino, circa 1516-1519. Private collection of Ira Spanierman

Merchants

The Rise of Merchant Banking by Stanley Chapman

The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350 by Robert S. Lopez

Power and Profit: The Merchant in Medieval Europe by Peter Spufford

The Rise of Merchant Classes in Medieval Europe by Ryan Evans


French. Allegory of the Life of a Scholar in a Rich Household [fol. 3 verso / 4 recto], c. 1512/1515. National Gallery of Art

Scholars

The Rise of Universities by Charles Homer Haskins

Heretics and Scholars in the High Middle Ages, 1000–1200 by Heinrich Fichtenau

The Scholastic Culture of the Middle Ages, 1000-1300 by John W. Baldwin


Culture: French. Capital with the Presentation of Christ in the Temple (from Saint-Guilhem Cloister), late 12th–early 13th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Builders

The Cathedral Builders by Jean Gimpel

The Master Builders: Architecture in the Middle Ages by John Hooper Harvey

The Cathedral Builders of the Middle Ages by Alain Erlande-Brandenburg


Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre. St. Charles Borromeo Distributing Communion to the Victims of the Plague in Milan, ca. 1760. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Survivors

The World the Plague Made: The Black Death and the Rise of Europe by James Belich

From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, War, Plague and Death in the Later Middle Ages by John Aberth

The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time by John Kelly

The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio


Sitter: Leonardo da Vinci. Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci, from "Characaturas by Leonardo da Vinci, from Drawings by Wincelslaus Hollar, out of the Portland Museum", 1786. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Renewers

Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages by Frances and Joseph Gies

The Light Ages: The Surprising Story of Medieval Science by Seb Falk

Medieval Technology and Social Change by Lynn White Jr.

Leonardo da Vinci by Walter Isaacson

Leonardo da Vinci: The Marvellous Works of Nature and Man by Martin Kemp


Culture: Germany. Portable Compass Sundial, 17th century. The Art Institute of Chicago

Navigators

Seafarers, Merchants and Pirates in the Middle Ages by Dirk Meier

Navigation Through the Ages by Donald Launer

The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World by Lincoln Paine


Workshop of Lucas Cranach the Elder. Martin Luther, probably 1532. The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Protestants

Long Before Luther: Tracing the Heart of the Gospel From Christ to the Reformation by Nathan Busenitz

The Age of Reform 1250-1550 by Steven Ozment

Dissent and Order in the Middle Ages: The Search for Legitimate Authority by Jeffrey Burton Russell

Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther by Roland Bainton

A World Ablaze: The Rise of Martin Luther and the Birth of the Reformation by Craig Harline